I should say that my marina test location is partly surrounded by buildings which must block AIS signals to some extent. When offshore, I can detect many ships at 10 miles or more. But sometimes I have seen large ships under way much closer (less than a mile), with no sign of an AIS signal.
A key issue for me is using AIS info about course and speed of other vessels when crossing Traffic Seperation Schemes, such as those in the channel. I want to ‘see’ over the visual horizon to decide when to start my 5kt dash for the other side. I don’t want to start my crossing only to find a 20kt container ship bearing down, already constrained by overtaking slower vessels.
There is a difference between limited range (which is predictable and easily associated with power supply noise, rf interference or poor coax cables, etc.) and apparently random non-detection of nearby vessels. The latter suggests a signal processing issue where a specific vessel’s AIS signals are sometimes discarded as malformed or erroneous. I would like to know that such a possibility has been examined.